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Muscle balance is necessary for muscles to perform their customary roles and move normally; muscle imbalance occurs when there is a lack of parity between corresponding agonist and antagonist muscles. [1] Muscular imbalance can also arise when a muscle performs outside of its normal physiological muscle function. [2] [3]
In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state. [1] [2] It helps to maintain posture and declines during REM sleep. [3]
Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke.
Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), also known as “mom posture”, [1] is a common postural problem in which the resting position of the shoulders leans forward from the body’s ideal alignment. [1] Patients usually feel slouched and hunched, [ 2 ] with the situation deteriorating if left untreated.
Studies have found, however, that muscle fatigue around the hips (gluteals and lumbar extensors) and knees have a greater effect on postural stability (sway). [2] It is thought that muscle fatigue leads to a decreased ability to contract with the correct amount of force or accuracy.
While multiple muscles in a limb are usually affected in the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, there is usually an imbalance of muscle activity (muscle tone), such that there is a stronger pull on one side of a joint, such as into elbow flexion. Decreasing the degree of this imbalance is a common focus of muscle strengthening programs.
The main symptom of benign fasciculation syndrome is focal or widespread involuntary muscle activity (fasciculation). [1] The benign twitches usually have a constant location. [2] Other common symptoms are generalized fatigue or weakness, paraesthesia or numbness, and muscle cramping or spasms. [1]
Postural control is defined as achievement, maintenance or regulation of balance during any static posture or dynamic activity for the regulation of stability and orientation. [4] The interaction of the individual with the task and the environment develops postural control. [5]