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Myogenic hyperuricemia, as a result of the purine nucleotide cycle running when ATP reservoirs in muscle cells are low (ADP > ATP), is a common pathophysiologic feature of glycogenoses such as GSD-III, GSD-V and GSD-VII, as they are metabolic myopathies which impair the ability of ATP (energy) production within muscle cells.
Protein anabolism is the process by which proteins are formed from amino acids. It relies on five processes: amino acid synthesis, transcription , translation , post translational modifications , and protein folding .
More synthesis than breakdown indicates an anabolic state that builds lean tissues, more breakdown than synthesis indicates a catabolic state that burns lean tissues. According to D.S. Dunlop, protein turnover occurs in brain cells the same as any other eukaryotic cells, but that "knowledge of those aspects of control and regulation specific or ...
Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid that the liver's gluconeogenesis process can use to produce glucose. Muscle cells break down their protein when their blood glucose levels fall, which happens during fasting or periods of intense exercise. The breakdown process releases alanine, which is then transferred to the
The net muscle protein balance (NBAL) is the relationship between muscle protein breakdown and muscle protein synthesis. It is determined by the stability between the two processes. [1] The anabolic state theory suggests that it is critical to consume proteins and carbohydrates immediately after resistance training to increase muscle protein ...
2660 17700 Ensembl ENSG00000138379 ENSMUSG00000026100 UniProt O14793 O08689 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005259 NM_010834 RefSeq (protein) NP_005250 NP_034964 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 190.06 – 190.06 Mb Chr 1: 53.1 – 53.11 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse In humans, the MSTN gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 32.2. Myostatin (also known as growth ...
The liver enzyme expression is restricted to the liver, whereas the muscle enzyme is widely expressed. Liver glycogen serves as a storage pool to maintain the blood glucose level during fasting, whereas muscle glycogen synthesis accounts for disposal of up to 90% of ingested glucose. The role of muscle glycogen is as a reserve to provide energy ...
The glycogen phosphorylase monomer is a large protein, composed of 842 amino acids with a mass of 97.434 kDa in muscle cells. While the enzyme can exist as an inactive monomer or tetramer, it is biologically active as a dimer of two identical subunits. [4]