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Iodoform stored in an ampoule. Iodoform (also known as triiodomethane) is the organoiodine compound with the chemical formula C H I 3.It is a pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, with a penetrating and distinctive odor (in older chemistry texts, the smell is sometimes referred to as that of hospitals, where the compound is still commonly used) and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste.
Substrates are broadly limited to methyl ketones and secondary alcohols oxidizable to methyl ketones, such as isopropanol.The only primary alcohol and aldehyde to undergo this reaction are ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. 1,3-Diketones such as acetylacetone also undergo this reaction. β-ketoacids such as acetoacetic acid will also give the test upon heating.
Ketones may be distinguished from aldehydes by giving a negative result with Tollens' reagent or with Fehling's solution. Methyl ketones give positive results for the iodoform test. [7] Ketones also give positive results when treated with m-dinitrobenzene in presence of dilute sodium hydroxide to give violet coloration.
The Griess test tests for organic nitrite compounds; The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tests for carbonyl compounds; The iodoform reaction tests for the presence of methyl ketones, or compounds which can be oxidized to methyl ketones; The Schiff test detects aldehydes; Tollens' reagent tests for aldehydes (known as the silver mirror test)
In this test, known as Rothera's test, methyl ketones (CH 3 C(=O)-) under alkaline conditions give bright red coloration (see also iodoform test). Rothera's test was initially applied to detecting ketonuria (a symptom of diabetes) in urine samples. This reaction is now exploited in the form of urine test strips (e.g. "Ketostix"). [61]
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One of the more well-known uses of organoiodine compounds is the so-called iodoform test, where iodoform (CHI 3) is produced by the exhaustive iodination of a methyl ketone (or another compound capable of being oxidised to a methyl ketone), as follows: [26]
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