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The lowest energy transfer to Mars is a Hohmann transfer orbit, a conjunction class mission which would involve a roughly 9-month travel time from Earth to Mars, about 500 days (16 mo) [citation needed] at Mars to wait for the transfer window to Earth, and a travel time of about 9 months to return to Earth. [9] [10] This would be a 34-month trip.
In The Martian, by Andy Weir, the spaceship Hermes uses a constant thrust ion engine to transport astronauts between Earth and Mars. In Project Hail Mary , also by Weir , the protagonist's spaceship uses a constant 1.5 g acceleration spin drive to travel between the Solar System , Tau Ceti and 40 Eridani .
At least two-thirds of Mars' surface is more than 3.5 billion years old, and it could have been habitable 4.48 billion years ago, 500 million years before the earliest known Earth lifeforms; [4] Mars may thus hold the best record of the prebiotic conditions leading to life, even if life does not or has never existed there.
Musk has made statements on several occasions about aspirational dates for Starship's earliest possible Mars landing, [31] including in 2022, that a crewed mission to Mars could take place no earlier than 2029. [32] SpaceX's early missions to Mars are to involve small fleets of Starship spacecraft, funded by public–private partnerships. [33]
The long-term effects of radiation on crews is still largely unknown. However, it is theorized that astronauts on a trip to Mars will likely receive more than 1000x the radiation dosage of a typical person on Earth. [10] As such, present and future training must incorporate systems and processes for protecting astronauts against radiation.
A recent meme posted to Facebook claims the Mars Perseverance mission did not happen because of the planet's atmospheric conditions. This is false. Fact check: Mars Perseverance rover landing ...
It’s long been all but settled science that Mars was once home to copious amounts of water. ... The water didn’t last long—just the first 1.5 billion years of the planet’s 4.5 billion year ...
Mars is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of Earth's mass, resulting in about 38% of Earth's surface gravity. Mars is the only presently known example of a desert planet , a rocky planet with a surface akin to that of Earth's hot deserts.