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Third-degree tear: fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa, muscles, and anal sphincter are torn; third-degree tears may be further subdivided into three subcategories: [6] 3a: partial tear of the external anal sphincter involving less than 50% thickness; 3b: greater than 50% tear of the external anal sphincter; 3c: internal sphincter is torn
The urinary meatus [a] (/ m iː ˈ eɪ t ə s /, mee-AY-təs; pl.: meati or meatuses), also known as the external urethral orifice, is the opening of the penis or vulva where urine exits the urethra during urination. It is also where semen exits during male ejaculation, and other fluids during female ejaculation. The meatus has varying degrees ...
The muscle helps maintain continence of urine along with the internal urethral sphincter which is under control of the autonomic nervous system.The external sphincter muscle prevents urine leakage as the muscle is tonically contracted via somatic fibers that originate in Onuf's nucleus and pass through sacral spinal nerves S2-S4 then the pudendal nerve to synapse on the muscle.
The fourchette may be torn during delivery due to the sudden stretching of the vulval orifice, or during copulation. To prevent this tearing in a haphazard manner, obstetricians and, less frequently, midwives may perform an episiotomy, which is a deliberate cut made in the perineum starting from the fourchette and continuing back along the perineum toward the anus.
In mammals, the vulva (pl.: vulvas or vulvae) comprises mostly external, visible structures of the female genitalia leading into the interior of the female reproductive tract. For humans, it includes the mons pubis , labia majora , labia minora , clitoris , vestibule , urinary meatus , vaginal introitus , hymen , and openings of the vestibular ...
The human female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in the reproduction of new offspring. The reproductive system is immature at birth and develops at puberty to be able to release matured ova from the ovaries , facilitate their fertilization , and create a protective environment for the ...
Structures opening in the vulval vestibule are the urethra (urinary meatus), vagina, Bartholin's glands, and Skene's glands. [1]The external urethral orifice is placed about 25–30 millimetres (1–1.2 in) [2] behind the clitoris and immediately in front of that of the vagina; it usually assumes the form of a short, sagittal cleft with slightly raised margins.
The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [5] The internal sphincter, formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, receives its nerve supply by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. [6] The internal sphincter is present both in males ...