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Energy released by the combustion of 1 gram of gasoline [106] 5×10 4 J: Kinetic energy of 1 gram of matter moving at 10 km/s [107] 10 5 3×10 5 – 15×10 5 J: Kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds (1 to 5 tons [108] at 89 km/h or 55 mph) [109] 5×10 5 J Kinetic energy of 1 gram of a meteor hitting Earth [110]
The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-square metre per square second (1 J = 1 kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2).
The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J .
The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.184 × 10 15 J). [7] The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon.
A moderate energy density would be 1.6 to 3 calories per gram (7–13 kJ/g); salmon, lean meat, and bread would fall in this category. Foods with high energy density have more than three calories per gram (>13 kJ/g) and include crackers, cheese, chocolate, nuts, [10] and fried foods like potato or tortilla chips.
kJ/kg may refer to: kilo joules per kilo gram; The SI derived units of specific energy; Specific Internal energy; Specific kinetic energy; Heat of fusion; Heat of ...
The table below includes entries for popular substances already used for their energy, or being discussed for such use. The second column shows specific energy, the energy content in megajoules per unit of mass in kilograms, useful in understanding the energy that can be extracted from the fuel.
Sample from a kinetic energy weapon test. A piece of polycarbonate plastic weighing 7 grams (1 ⁄ 4 oz) was fired at an aluminium block at 7 km/s (23,000 ft/s), giving it muzzle energy of 171,500 J (126,500 ft⋅lbf); a typical bullet has muzzle energy of a few thousand joules, with the enormous .950 JDJ reaching 20,000 J (15,000 ft⋅lbf).