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His Imperial Majesty Alexander II . The government reforms imposed by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, often called the Great Reforms (Russian: Великие реформы, romanized: Velikie reformy) by historians, were a series of major social, political, legal and governmental reforms in the Russian Empire carried out in the 1860s.
The success of reform contributed greatly to Russia's success in the Great Northern War; the increase in revenue and productivity increased the strength of the Russian war machine. More importantly, however, Peter created a "well-ordered police state" [ 13 ] that further legitimized and strengthened authoritarian rule in Russia.
As a result, Russia won the Great Northern War against Sweden, and acquired the path to the Baltic Sea and returned its land. [3] The Russian economy also needed innovative solutions. When Peter the Great became the Tsar, the state treasury was in a bad condition. Peter the Great needed more money in order to realise his personal projects.
The Great Reforms: Autocracy, Bureaucracy, and the Politics of Change in Imperial Russia (1990) Moss, Walter G., Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky. London: Anthem Press, 2002. online Archived 12 January 2006 at archive.today
The Church Reform of Peter the Great was a set of changes Tsar Peter I (ruled 1682–1725) introduced to the Russian Orthodox Church, especially to church government. Issued in the context of Peter's overall westernizing reform programme, it replaced the Patriarch of Moscow with the Holy Synod and made the church effectively a department of state.
Russia's great reforms, 1855-1881. Indiana University Press. Lincoln, W. Bruce (1990). The great reforms: Autocracy, bureaucracy, and the politics of change in imperial Russia. Northern Illinois University Press. pp. 105–117. McCoubrey, H. (1980). "The reform of the Russian legal system under Alexander II." Culture, Theory and Critique 24 (1 ...
Russia's industrial regions included Moscow, the central regions of European Russia, Saint Petersburg, the Baltic cities, Russian Poland, some areas along the lower Don and Dnepr rivers, and the southern Ural Mountains. By 1890 Russia had about 32,000 kilometers of railroads and 1.4 million factory workers, most of whom worked in the textile ...
Zemstvos were created as part of the larger Great Reforms with the specific goal of creating organs of local, self-government on an elected basis. [2] The existing system of elected bodies of local self-government in the Russian Empire was represented at the lowest level by the mir and at the regional level by the volost.