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The fifteenth-century empress Eleni of Ethiopia was styled as "queen of Zeila" due to her Muslim upbringing and connection to the Hadiya Sultanate. [22] The leaders of Adal were also often referred to as Zeila kings in texts most notably Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi conqueror of Abyssinia. [23] [24]
Maritime trade continued through the Middle Ages, however this was no longer in the hands of the Ethiopian kingdom, but instead controlled by Muslim merchants. Beginning in the 8th century, a trade route to the Dahlak Archipelago was Ethiopia's link to the Red Sea, but a route between Shewa and Zeila came to prominence in the late 13th century.
Due to the wars between the Ifat Sultanate and Ethiopia, the region of Ifat was incorporated into Ethiopia having been an integral part of the empire for over a century since early medieval times. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] During this period of incorporation, large sections of the local Argobba population embraced Christianity. [ 22 ]
The city of Zeila was originally the center of power and commerce in the Adal region. The bustling port city was predominantly inhabited by Somalis, as well as Arabs and Afars. [54] [14] Clans of Adal mentioned in the fourteenth century Emperor Amda Seyon I chronicles during the Ethiopian invasion included; Wargar, Tiqo, Paguma, Labakala and ...
The Adal rise to power resulted in a series of conflicts with the Ethiopian Empire, and eventually the Ethiopian–Adal War in 1529. Adal's general Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gran) quickly seized the Ethiopian Empire by conquering most of the Ethiopian Highlands, reaching northern Tigray Province in the Battle of Amba Sel in 1531. Dawit ...
Oromo expansions were not restricted to Ethiopian territories either, as activities against Adal were also pursued. The forces of Nur ibn Mujahid (r. 1551/2–1567/8), the Amir of Harar , for instance, were soundly defeated by the Oromo in an ambush at the Battle of Hazalo .
The Ethiopian–Adal War, also known as the Abyssinian–Adal War and Futūḥ Al-Ḥabaša (Arabic: فتوح الحبش, lit. ' Conquest of Abyssinia '), was a war fought between the Christian Ethiopian Empire and the Muslim Adal Sultanate from 1529 to 1543.
The Emperor visited Turkey twice, in 1967 and in 1971, and an Ethiopian consulate-general was opened in Istanbul. [2] Relations soured during the Derg period, however, given difference in posture between the pro-Western Turkish government and the pro-Soviet Ethiopian government, and in 1984 Ethiopia closed its diplomatic missions in Turkey.