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In formal terms, in the context of knowledge representation and ontologies, a meronomy is a partial order of concept types by the part–whole relation. [3]In the classic study of parts and wholes, mereology, the three defining properties of a partial order serve as axioms. [4]
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Simple Java tree viewer able to read newick and nexus tree files. Can be used to color branches and produce vector artwork. All [24] JEvTrace A multivalent browser for sequence alignment, phylogeny, and structure. Performs an interactive Evolutionary Trace [25] and other phylogeny-inspired analysis. All [26] MEGA
The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).
Molecular biology – study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, with some cross over from biochemistry. Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules. Health sciences and human biology – biology of humans.
Template: Cell biology. ... Upload file; Special pages; Permanent link; Page information; Get shortened URL; Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable ...
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
The concept of "reciprocal altruism", as introduced by Trivers, suggests that altruism, defined as an act of helping another individual while incurring some cost for this act, could have evolved since it might be beneficial to incur this cost if there is a chance of being in a reverse situation where the individual who was helped before may perform an altruistic act towards the individual who ...