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Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [1] [2] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [3] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
Polycythemia vera (PCV) (a.k.a. polycythemia rubra vera (PRV)) occurs when excess red blood cells are produced as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow. [3] Often, excess white blood cells and platelets are also produced. A hallmark of polycythemia vera is an elevated hematocrit, with Hct > 55% seen in 83% of cases. [19]
Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections. [2] Neutrophils are also increased in any acute inflammation, so will be raised after a heart attack, [2] other infarct or burns. [2]
Finally, a white blood cell count can detect maternal blood in the sample, as fetal white blood cells are primarily leukocytes, while maternal white blood cells are mostly neutrophils. If amniotic fluid infiltrated the sample, then there would be a reduction in the volume of RBCs, white blood cells, and platelets in the sample. [9]
The effect of pregnancy on platelet count is unclear, with some studies demonstrating a mild decline in platelet count and other studies that show no effect. [24] The white blood cell count increases with occasional appearance of myelocytes or metamyelocytes in the blood. [24] During labor, there is a rise in leukocyte count.
Less commonly, a high white blood cell count could indicate certain blood cancers or bone marrow disorders. The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of disease, and thus the white blood cell count is an important subset of the complete blood count. The normal white cell count is usually between 4 × 10 9 /L and 1.1 × 10 10 /L.
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fights against infection. The ANC is almost always a part of a larger blood panel called the complete blood count . The ANC is calculated from measurements of the total number of white blood cells (WBC), usually based on the combined percentage of mature neutrophils (sometimes called "segs", or ...
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...