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  2. Directory traversal attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal_attack

    A directory traversal (or path traversal) attack exploits insufficient security validation or sanitization of user-supplied file names, such that characters representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the operating system's file system API. An affected application can be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the file ...

  3. File inclusion vulnerability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability

    A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time.This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time.

  4. Shellshock (software bug) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)

    The system displays syntax errors, notifying the user that CVE-2014-6271 has been prevented, but still writes a file named 'echo', into the working directory, containing the result of the 'date' call. A system patched for both CVE-2014-6271 and CVE-2014-7169 will simply echo the word "date" and the file "echo" will not be created, as shown below:

  5. Vulnerability scanner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_scanner

    A vulnerability scanner is a computer program designed to assess computers, networks or applications for known weaknesses. These scanners are used to discover the weaknesses of a given system. These scanners are used to discover the weaknesses of a given system.

  6. Nikto (vulnerability scanner) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikto_(vulnerability_scanner)

    Nikto is a free software command-line vulnerability scanner that scans web servers for dangerous files or CGIs, outdated server software and other problems. It performs generic and server type specific checks. It also captures and prints any cookies received. The Nikto code itself is free software, but the data files it uses to drive the ...

  7. XZ Utils backdoor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ_Utils_backdoor

    The malicious mechanism consists of two compressed test files that contain the malicious binary code. These files are available in the git repository, but remain dormant unless extracted and injected into the program. [4] The code uses the glibc IFUNC mechanism to replace an existing function in OpenSSH called RSA_public_decrypt with a ...

  8. Arbitrary code execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution

    On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...

  9. Heartbleed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed

    Online network range scanner for Heartbleed vulnerability by Pentest-Tools.com [161] Official Red Hat offline scanner written in the Python language [162] Qualys SSL Labs' SSL Server Test [163] which not only looks for the Heartbleed bug, but can also find other SSL/TLS implementation errors. Browser extensions, such as Chromebleed [164] and ...

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