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Facial bilateral symmetry is typically defined as fluctuating asymmetry of the face comparing random differences in facial features of the two sides of the face. [4] The human face also has systematic, directional asymmetry : on average, the face (mouth, nose and eyes) sits systematically to the left with respect to the axis through the ears ...
In 1981, Bernhard Flury and Hans Riedwyl suggested "asymmetrical" Chernoff faces; [3] since a face has vertical symmetry (around the y axis), the left side of the face is identical to the right and is basically wasted space – a point also made by Tufte. [4]
Any human face can be considered to be a combination of these standard faces. For example, one's face might be composed of the average face plus 10% from eigenface 1, 55% from eigenface 2, and even −3% from eigenface 3. Remarkably, it does not take many eigenfaces combined together to achieve a fair approximation of most faces.
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is often considered to be the product of developmental stress and instability, caused by both genetic and environmental stressors. The notion that FA is a result of genetic and environmental factors is supported by Waddington's notion of canalisation, which implies that FA is a measure of the genome's ability to successfully buffer development to achieve a normal ...
The face is the front of an animal's head that features the eyes, nose and mouth, and through which animals express many of their emotions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The face is crucial for human identity , and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may affect the psyche adversely.
For a human observer, some symmetry types are more salient than others, in particular the most salient is a reflection with a vertical axis, like that present in the human face. Ernst Mach made this observation in his book "The analysis of sensations" (1897), [ 27 ] and this implies that perception of symmetry is not a general response to all ...
Face detection is a computer technology being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. [1] Face detection also refers to the psychological process by which humans locate and attend to faces in a visual scene.
The rhombic dodecahedron is a Catalan solid, meaning the dual polyhedron of an Archimedean solid, the cuboctahedron; they share the same symmetry, the octahedral symmetry. [2] It is face-transitive, meaning the symmetry group of the solid acts transitively on its set of faces.