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The critical engine of a multi-engine fixed-wing aircraft is the engine that, in the event of failure, would most adversely affect the performance or handling abilities of an aircraft. On propeller aircraft, there is a difference in the remaining yawing moments after failure of the left or the right (outboard) engine when all propellers rotate ...
The minimum speed at which the aircraft is still controllable with the critical engine inoperative. [7] Like the stall speed, there are several important variables that are used in this determination. Refer to the minimum control speed article for a thorough explanation. V MC is sometimes further refined into more discrete V-speeds e.g. V MCA,V ...
P-Factor therefore determines which engine is critical engine. [6] For most aircraft (which have clockwise rotating propellers), the left engine is the critical engine. For aircraft with counter-rotating propellers (i.e. not rotating in the same direction) the P-factor moments are equal and both engines are considered equally critical. Fig. 1.
The Piper PA-44 Seminole is an American twin-engined light aircraft manufactured by Piper Aircraft. [2] The PA-44 is a development of the Piper Cherokee single-engined aircraft and is primarily used for multi-engined flight training. [2] [3] The Seminole has been built in three production runs; from 1979 to 1982, 1989 to 1990, and continuously ...
When an engine on a multi-engine aircraft fails, the thrust distribution on the aircraft becomes asymmetrical, resulting in a yawing moment in the direction of the failed engine. [6] A sideslip develops, causing the total drag of the aircraft to increase considerably, resulting in a drop in the aircraft's rate of climb . [ 7 ]
Counter-rotating propellers generally turn clockwise on the left engine and counterclockwise on the right. The advantage of such designs is that counter-rotating propellers balance the effects of torque and P-factor, meaning that such aircraft do not have a critical engine in the case of engine failure.
This category lists multi-engine passenger airline accidents involving loss of all engines in flight and subsequent gliding flight. Causes of these rare situations have included fuel exhaustion or starvation, multiple bird strikes, volcanic ash, extreme weather and hijacking.
Aircraft flight control systems – A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered as flight controls as they ...