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Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of ... This is especially pronounced in acute kidney injury where the glomerular filtration rate and ... the effect on serum ...
Part of the danger of hyperkalemia is that it is often asymptomatic, and only detected during normal lab work done by primary care physicians. [3] As potassium levels get higher, individuals may begin to experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. [ 3 ]
Hypernatremia or hyponatremia can result, as can hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. [4] Lactic acidosis can result from increased anaerobic metabolism. However, the effect of acid–base balance can be variable as patients with large GI losses can become alkalotic. In cases of hemorrhagic shock, hematocrit and hemoglobin can be severely decreased ...
Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
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[table-of-contents] stripped. Whether brought on by stress, physical activity, or an extra cup of joe in the morning, most of us have all felt our heart rate quicken at one time or another.However ...
In a normal heart beat rhythm, the SA node usually suppresses the ectopic pacemaker activity due to the higher impulse rate of the SA node. However, in the instance of either a malfunctioning SA node or an ectopic focus bearing an intrinsic rate superior to SA node rate, ectopic pacemaker activity may take over the natural heart rhythm. [3]
The Bowditch effect, also known as the Treppe phenomenon or Treppe effect or Staircase Phenomenon, [1] [2] is an autoregulation method by which myocardial tension increases with an increase in heart rate. It was first observed by Henry Pickering Bowditch in 1871.