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The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
2 KOH + CO 2 → K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt. In an alternative method, potassium chloride is treated with carbon dioxide in the presence of an organic amine to give potassium bicarbonate, which is ...
Different food preservation methods have different impacts on the quality of the food and food systems. Some traditional methods of preserving food have been shown to have a lower energy input and carbon footprint compared to modern methods. [3] [2] Some methods of food preservation are also known to create carcinogens.
The food product is first dehydrated and then the resultant product is added to a humectant solution to reach the desired water activity. [2] This method is desirable because it results in a higher quality and more appealing product. However, more energy is used for this method because it is two processing steps combined.
Additionally, the hurdle effect of food preservation, such as by adding lactic acid bacteria and salt to a food product, is illustrated and described. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] This figure illustrates the pathway of food preservation followed by lactic acid bacteria involving nisin , as well as the pathway of food preservation followed by salt.
Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria , yeasts , and mold through the removal of water . Dehydration has been used widely for this purpose since ancient times; the earliest known practice is 12,000 B.C. by inhabitants of the modern Asian and Middle ...
Fish are preserved through such traditional methods as drying, smoking and salting. [2] The oldest traditional way of preserving fish was to let the wind and sun dry it. Drying food is the world's oldest known preservation method, and dried fish has a storage life of several years. The method is cheap and effective in suitable climates; the ...
The organoleptic quality of the food refers to its sensory properties, that is its look, taste, smell and texture. Examples of hurdles in a food system are high temperature during processing, low temperature during storage, increasing the acidity , lowering the water activity or redox potential , or the presence of preservatives .