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Friedel–Crafts alkylations can be reversible. Although this is usually undesirable it can be exploited; for instance by facilitating transalkylation reactions. [10] 1,3-Diisopropylbenzene is produced via transalkylation, a special form of Friedel–Crafts alkylation. It also allows alkyl chains to be added reversibly as protecting groups.
For a cleaner product, the reaction is conducted in the gas phase or in an organic solvent. Ethylene fluorohydrin is obtained differently, by boiling hydrogen fluoride with a 5–6% solution of ethylene oxide in diethyl ether. The ether normally has a water content of 1.5–2%; in absence of water, ethylene oxide polymerizes. [37]
Adhesive removers are often based on organic solvents, which can dissolve or soften many adhesive polymers that do not dissolve in water. They may also contain a gelling agent, increasing viscosity so that the product sticks to the area to be treated rather than running off. Common solvents used include D-limonene, aliphatic alkanes, and acetone.
To start, a diluted cleaning solution (white vinegar, bleach and detergent) is sprayed onto all surfaces to be cleaned, Using the same machine, the area is then rinsed; this is typically followed by vacuum suctioning that removes the applied liquid along with the suspended solids and dissolved contaminants that have been removed from the surface.
Most glue sticks are designed to glue paper and card stock together and are not as strong as some liquid-based variants. They can be used for craft and design, office use, and at school. There are several varieties: permanent,washable, acid-free,non-toxic, solvent-free, and dyed (e.g. to see where the glue is being applied).
James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamont Crafts and Marianne Mason (daughter of Senator Jeremiah Mason), [3] [4] was born in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Harvard University in 1858. Although he never received his Ph.D. , he studied chemistry in Germany at the Academy of Mines (1859) of Freiberg , and served as an assistant to Robert ...