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Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood . [ 3 ] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired , weak, short of breath , or having decreased ability to exercise. [ 1 ]
β thalassemia major (Mediterranean anemia or Cooley anemia) is caused by a β o /β o genotype. No functional β chains are produced, and thus no hemoglobin A can be assembled. This is the most severe form of β-thalassemia. β thalassemia intermedia is caused by a β + /β o or β + /β + genotype. In this form, some hemoglobin A is produced.
Dyserythropoiesis refers to the defective development of red blood cells, also called erythrocytes. [1] This problem can be congenital, acquired, or inherited. [2] Some red blood cells may be destroyed within the bone marrow during the maturation process, whereas others can enter the circulation with abnormalities. [3]
Hemolytic anemia affects nonhuman species as well as humans. It has been found, in a number of animal species, to result from specific triggers. [51] Some notable cases include hemolytic anemia found in black rhinos kept in captivity, with the disease, in one instance, affecting 20% of captive rhinos at a specific facility.
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia is an example of a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that primarily affects red blood cell production. In DBA, the erythroid cell lineage is more susceptible to cell death due to abnormal ribosome function. [4] This leads to a reduced population of red blood cell precursors and a resulting reticulocytopenia and anemia.