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General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
Sulfonyl chlorides react with water to give the corresponding sulfonic acid: . RSO 2 Cl + H 2 O → RSO 3 H + HCl. These compounds react readily with many other nucleophiles as well, most notably alcohols and amines (see Hinsberg reaction).
The combination of fluorinated backbone, sulfonic acid groups, and the stabilizing effect of the polymer matrix make Nafion a very strong acid, with pK a ~ -6. [8] In this respect Nafion resembles the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, CF 3 SO 3 H, although Nafion is a weaker acid by at least three orders of magnitude.
Camphorsulfonic acid, sometimes abbreviated CSA or 10-CSA is an organosulfur compound. Like typical sulfonic acids , it is a relatively strong acid that is a colorless solid at room temperature and is soluble in water and a wide variety of organic substances.
Without the presence of any catalysts, sulfamic acid will not react with ethanol at temperatures below 100 °C. ROH + H 2 NSO 3 H → ROS(O) 2 O − + NH + 4. An example of this reaction is the production 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, a wetting agent used in the mercerisation of cotton, by combining sulfamic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S.It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid.It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether.
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. [6] The CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as Ts or Tos.
Methanesulfonic acid (MsOH, MSA) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH 3 SO 3 H and structure H 3 C−S(=O) 2 −OH. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids ( R−S(=O) 2 −OH ).