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Most scrapers are either circle or blade-like in shape. [citation needed] The working edges of scrapers tend to be convex, and many have trimmed and dulled lateral edges to facilitate hafting. One important variety of scraper is the thumbnail scraper, a scraper shaped much like its namesake.
Other bone tools include spoons, knives, awls, pins, fish hooks, needles, flakers, hide scrapers and reamers. They made musical rasps, flutes and whistles as well as toys have also been made of bone. Decoratively carved articles were also made of bone such as hair combs, hair pins and pendants. Even the teeth and hooves did not go to waste.
Thick, steep-end blades/scrapers from the Moccasin Bluff site in southwestern Michigan Source The Moccasin Bluff Site and the Woodland Cultures of Southwestern Michigan, University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anthropological Papers No. 49 Date 1973 Author Robert Louis Bettarel and Hale G. Smith Permission
Different techniques are also required for blade creation; a soft punch or hammerstone is necessary for creating a blade. The long sharp edges of blades made them useful for a variety of purposes. After blades are flaked, they are often incorporated as parts of larger tools, such as spears. Other times, the simple shape and sharpness serves the ...
Cleavers, found in many Acheulean assemblages such as Africa, were similar in size and manner of hand axes. The differences between a hand axe and a cleaver is that a hand axe has a more pointed tip, while a cleaver will have a more transverse "bit" that consists of an untrimmed portion of the edge oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the tool.
The first bone scrapers appropriate for scraping hides to make supple leather were found in Morocco dating to 90–120,000 years ago. [29] [30] 164 kya – 47 kya: Heat treating of stone blades in South Africa. [31] 135 kya – 100 kya: Beads in Israel and Algeria [32] 100 kya: Compound paints made in South Africa [33] [34] [35]