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  2. Euler's criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_criterion

    In particular, x 2 ≡ a (mod p) has at most 2 solutions for each a. This immediately implies that besides 0 there are at least ⁠ p − 1 / 2 ⁠ distinct quadratic residues modulo p : each of the p − 1 possible values of x can only be accompanied by one other to give the same residue.

  3. MATLAB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB

    MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory" [18]) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.

  4. GKN Automotive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GKN_Automotive

    GKN Automotive is a multinational manufacturer of driveline components, all-wheel drive systems and plug-in hybrid systems for the automotive industry. [2] It employs around 25,000 people across 47 manufacturing facilities and 6 technology centres in 19 countries. [3] In 2018, Melrose Industries [2] acquired GKN Ltd and renamed it GKN ...

  5. GKN - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GKN

    Beginning a programme of diversification into the automotive field in 1966 GKN bought BRD's much larger competitor, Birfield Ltd, [28] [29] which held the great bulk of the British market for CVJs, constant velocity joints, and was a company that since 1938 had incorporated both the Sheffield based Laycock Engineering later best known as a ...

  6. Model-based design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_design

    Model-based design (MBD) is a mathematical and visual method of addressing problems associated with designing complex control, [1] signal processing [2] and communication systems. It is used in many motion control, industrial equipment, aerospace, and automotive applications.

  7. MathWorks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MathWorks

    MATLAB was created in the 1970s by Cleve Moler, who was chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico at the time. It was a free tool for academics. Jack Little, who would eventually set up the company, came across the tool while he was a graduate student in electrical engineering at Stanford University.

  8. Quadratic residue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_residue

    Modulo 2, every integer is a quadratic residue. Modulo an odd prime number p there are (p + 1)/2 residues (including 0) and (p − 1)/2 nonresidues, by Euler's criterion.In this case, it is customary to consider 0 as a special case and work within the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of the field (/).

  9. Applications of the Stirling engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_the...

    The MOD II project in 1980 produced one of the most efficient automotive engines ever made. The engine reached a peak thermal efficiency of 38.5%, compared to a modern spark-ignition (gasoline) engine, which has a peak efficiency of 20–25%. The Mod II project replaced the normal spark-ignition engine in a 1985 4-door Chevrolet Celebrity ...