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Small books containing a combination of text and illustrations are then provided to educators for each level. [3] While young children display a wide distribution of reading skills, each level is tentatively associated with a school grade. Some schools adopt target reading levels for their pupils.
As new means that the book is in the state that it should have been in when it left the publisher. This is the equivalent of mint condition in numismatics. Fine (F or FN) is "as new" but allowing for the normal effects of time on an unused book that has been protected. A fine book shows no damage. Very good (VG) describes a book that is worn ...
The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.
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"The Flesch–Kincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the Flesch–Kincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...
Thus, Lexile scores do not reflect multiple levels of textual meaning or the maturity of the content. [1] The United States Common Core State Standards recommend the use of alternative, qualitative methods to select books for grade 6 and above. [1] In the U.S., Lexile measures are reported annually from reading programs and assessments. [2]
easily understood by an average 4th-grade student or lower 5.0–5.9 easily understood by an average 5th- or 6th-grade student 6.0–6.9 easily understood by an average 7th- or 8th-grade student 7.0–7.9 easily understood by an average 9th- or 10th-grade student 8.0–8.9 easily understood by an average 11th- or 12th-grade student 9.0–9.9
In linguistics, the Gunning fog index is a readability test for English writing. The index estimates the years of formal education a person needs to understand the text on the first reading. For instance, a fog index of 12 requires the reading level of a United States high school senior (around 18 years old).