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Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal [1] processes such as feedback and recursion, where the effects of a system's actions (its outputs) return as inputs to that system, influencing subsequent action. [2]
Wiener recounts that the origin of the ideas in this book is a ten-year-long series of meetings at the Harvard Medical School where medical scientists and physicians discussed scientific method with mathematicians, physicists and engineers.
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician and philosopher.He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ().
A classroom in Norway. Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning.Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.
Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. [1]
Cover. Psycho-Cybernetics is a self-help book written by American writer Maxwell Maltz in 1960. [1] Motivational and self-help experts in personal development, including Zig Ziglar, Tony Robbins, Brian Tracy have based their techniques on Maxwell Maltz.
The viable system model (VSM) by Stafford Beer. Management cybernetics is concerned with the application of cybernetics to management and organizations. "Management cybernetics" was first introduced by Stafford Beer in the late 1950s [1] and introduces the various mechanisms of self-regulation applied by and to organizational settings, as seen through a cybernetics perspective.
Self-regulated learning refers to several concepts that play major roles in learning and which have significant relevance in e-learning. [14] explains that in order to develop self-regulation, learning courses should offer opportunities for students to practice strategies and skills by themselves.