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Poecilia sphenops, called the Mexican molly or simply the molly, is a species of poeciliid fish from Central America. It was once understood as a widespread species with numerous local variants ranging from Mexico to Venezuela, but these variants are today considered distinct species belonging to the P. sphenops complex and P. sphenops itself as being native to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Amazon mollies have a small dorsal fin consisting of 10-12 soft rays. [9] The position of the dorsal fin on the back of the fish is anterior, closer towards the head, than the position of the anal fin on the underside of the fish. They do not have any spiny rays on their fins. [10]
Livebearers are fish that retain their eggs inside the body and give birth to live, free-swimming young. They are especially prized by aquarium owners. They are especially prized by aquarium owners. Among aquarium fish, livebearers are nearly all members of the family Poeciliidae and include: guppies , mollies , platies and swordtails .
Sailfin mollies produce broods of 10–140 live young, depending on maturity and size, and females may store sperm long after the demise of their relatively short-lived mates. The gestation period for this species is about three to four weeks, depending upon temperature, and a single female may give birth on multiple occasions throughout the year.
The most commonly kept species are guppies (P. reticulata), mollies (P. sphenops or P. latipinna), and Endler's livebearers . Members of the genus readily hybridize with each other and so most commercially offered fish are hybrids (with guppies having some Endler, and mollies being a mix of common and sailfin mollies).
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Histotrophic (tissue eating) viviparity means embryos develop in the female's oviducts but obtain nutrients by consuming other tissues, such as ova or zygotes. [10] This has been observed primarily among sharks such as the shortfin mako and porbeagle , but is known for a few bony fish as well such as the halfbeak Nomorhamphus ebrardtii . [ 12 ]
Mollies browsing algae in an estuary. P. vandepolli prefers to feed on unicellular and other small algae, [3] [4] biofilm, and aquatic insects. [4] When food becomes scarce, Van de Poll's mollies may take plankton and Artemia. Stomach content analyses show that cannibalistic adults eat fry when food is lacking. [3]