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Afro-Mexicans (Spanish: Afromexicanos), also known as Black Mexicans (Spanish: Mexicanos negros), [2] are Mexicans of total or predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry. [3] [2] As a single population, Afro-Mexicans include individuals descended from both free and enslaved Africans who arrived to Mexico during the colonial era, [3] as well as post-independence migrants.
When the Portuguese revolted against Spain in 1640, the numbers of slaves brought from Africa dropped precipitously and the demand for slaves was met by natural reproduction of American-born Africans. Children of enslaved women became slaves themselves, so that marriage to non-slave women meant the off-spring were free.
In return, he suggested the use of African slaves for the hard labor of the new farmlands in the Caribbean, as they had been enslaving their own in a continent-wide system since 700AD. [10] By this time, the Spanish had already been using African slaves bought from African Slaving Empires for some of their hard labor in Europe.
Before the end of the slave trade, New Spain had the sixth-highest slave population (estimated 200,000) of the Americas after Brazil (over 4.9 million), the Caribbean (over 4 million), Cuba (over 1 million), Hispaniola and the United States (half a million). [7] Around 1570, Yanga led a band of slaves in escaping to the highlands near Veracruz.
Some individuals have earned places in history, such as La Malinche, a Nahua girl from Mexico’s Gulf Coast sold into slavery in the early 1500s who eventually served as Cortes’ interpreter.
Scout and Interceptor in present-day Mexico and parts of the southwest United States Estevanico ( c. 1500 –1539), also known as Mustafa Azemmouri and Esteban de Dorantes and Estevanico the Moor , was the first person of African descent to explore North America.
A Texas exhibit honors the life and work of Silvia Hector Webber, who became known as the "Harriet Tubman of Texas" for helping enslaved people flee the States.
Encomenderos de negros, a term unique to New Spain, were specialized middlemen in the African slave trade in colonial Mexico during the first half of the seventeenth century. [ 1 ] In the colonial-era historiography, the term encomendero generally refers to men granted the labor and tribute of a particular indigenous group in the immediate post ...