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  2. Face (sociological concept) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(sociological_concept)

    ' save the face's water ', is used to mean save face. The entire Arab culture of social and family behavior is based around Islamic concepts of dignity. For Shia Islam, face is based on the social and family ranking system found in the Treatise of Rights, Al-Risalah al-Huquq, Shia Islam's primary source for social behaviors. [34]

  3. Politeness theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politeness_theory

    Positive face refers to one's self-esteem, while negative face refers to one's freedom to act. [1] [18] These two aspects of face are the basic wants in any social interaction; during any social interaction, cooperation is needed amongst the participants to maintain each other's face. [1]

  4. Face negotiation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_negotiation_theory

    Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. [1] The theory posited " face ", or self-image when communicating with others, [ 1 ] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures.

  5. Trait ascription bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_ascription_bias

    Trait ascription and the cognitive bias associated with it have been a topic of active research for more than three decades. [2] [3] Like many other cognitive biases, trait ascription bias is supported by a substantial body of experimental research and has been explained in terms of numerous theoretical frameworks originating in various disciplines.

  6. Identity management theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_Management_Theory

    Identity management theory (also frequently referred to as IMT) is an intercultural communication theory from the 1990s. It was developed by William R. Cupach and Tadasu Todd Imahori on the basis of Erving Goffman's Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior (1967).

  7. Physiognomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiognomy

    Discourse around physiognomy has been resurgent on social media among both male and female users, particularly with regards to memes, face filters, and anti-feminist and incel communities. Such content has raised concern about the normalization of pseudoscience and the idea that physical characteristics are inherently associated with one's ...

  8. Social determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinism

    Social determinism is the theory that social interactions alone determine individual behavior (as opposed to biological or objective factors). [ citation needed ] A social determinist would only consider social dynamics like customs, cultural expectations, education, and interpersonal interactions as the contributing factors to shape human ...

  9. Cognitive-affective personality system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive-affective...

    Cognitive-affective theorists argue that behavior is not the result of some global personality trait; instead, it arises from individuals' perceptions of themselves in a particular situation. However, inconsistencies in behavior are not due solely to the situation; inconsistent behaviors reflect stable patterns of variation within the person.