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The odd–even sort algorithm correctly sorts this data in passes. (A pass here is defined to be a full sequence of odd–even, or even–odd comparisons. The passes occur in order pass 1: odd–even, pass 2: even–odd, etc.) Proof: This proof is based loosely on one by Thomas Worsch. [6]
A curve (top) is filled according to two rules: the even–odd rule (left), and the non-zero winding rule (right). In each case an arrow shows a ray from a point P heading out of the curve. In the even–odd case, the ray is intersected by two lines, an even number; therefore P is concluded to be 'outside' the curve.
Batcher's odd–even mergesort [1] is a generic construction devised by Ken Batcher for sorting networks of size O(n (log n) 2) and depth O((log n) 2), where n is the number of items to be sorted. Although it is not asymptotically optimal, Knuth concluded in 1998, with respect to the AKS network that "Batcher's method is much better, unless n ...
The following Python implementation [1] [circular reference] performs cycle sort on an array, counting the number of writes to that array that were needed to sort it. Python def cycle_sort ( array ) -> int : """Sort an array in place and return the number of writes.""" writes = 0 # Loop through the array to find cycles to rotate.
The second row is the same generator with a seed of 3, which produces a cycle of length 2. Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation.
Magic squares are generally classified according to their order n as: odd if n is odd, evenly even (also referred to as "doubly even") if n is a multiple of 4, oddly even (also known as "singly even") if n is any other even number. This classification is based on different techniques required to construct odd, evenly even, and oddly even squares.
If the remainder is 3, move 2 to the end of even list and 1,3 to the end of odd list (4, 6, 8, 2 – 5, 7, 9, 1, 3). Append odd list to the even list and place queens in the rows given by these numbers, from left to right (a2, b4, c6, d8, e3, f1, g7, h5). For n = 8 this results in fundamental solution 1 above. A few more examples follow.
A curve (top) is filled according to two rules: the even-odd rule (left), and the non-zero winding rule (right). In each case an arrow shows a ray from a point P heading out of the curve. In the even-odd case, the ray is intersected by two lines, an even number; therefore P is concluded to be 'outside' the curve.