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In the synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly. [1] Compare to the additive effect , where the potency of an antibiotic combination is roughly equal to the combined potencies of each antibiotic singly, and antagonistic effect, where the potency of ...
One or both ingredients may be antibiotics. [1] Antibiotic combinations are increasingly important because of antimicrobial resistance. [2] This means that individual antibiotics that used to be effective are no longer effective, [1] and because of the absence of new classes of antibiotic, they allow old antibiotics to be continue to be used. [2]
The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic . Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins, most notably ceftazidime, which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [9] Monobactams can trigger seizures in patients with history of seizures, although the risk is lower than with penicillins.
It has been suggested that an alteration of DNA function is possibly responsible for the post-antibiotic effect following the observation that most inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, clindamycin, certain newer macrolides/ketolides, and rifampicin and rifabutin) induce long-term ...
The other type of beta-lactamase is of the metallo type ("type B"). Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) need metal ion(s) (1 or 2 Zn 2+ ions [2]) on their active site for their catalytic activities. [3] The structure of the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 is given by 6C89. It resembles a RNase Z, from which it is thought to have evolved.
A colored electron microscopy image of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (), a bacterium commonly targeted by broad-spectrum antibioticsA broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, [1] or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. [2]
Drugs based on 2-nitroimidazoles include benznidazole and azomycin. [3] Nitroimidazole antibiotics have been used to combat anaerobic bacterial and parasitic infections. [4] Perhaps the most common example is metronidazole. Other heterocycles such as nitrothiazoles are also used for this purpose.