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R22 Harmful if swallowed R23 Toxic by inhalation R24 Toxic in contact with skin R25 Toxic if swallowed R26 Very toxic by inhalation R27 Very toxic in contact with skin R28 Very toxic if swallowed R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. R30 Can become highly flammable in use R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas R32
An example SDS, including guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. A safety data sheet (SDS), [1] material safety data sheet (MSDS), or product safety data sheet (PSDS) is a document that lists information relating to occupational safety and health for the use of various substances and products.
Propane was the de facto refrigerant in systems smaller than industrial scale before the introduction of CFCs. The reputation of propane refrigerators as a fire hazard kept delivered ice and the ice box the overwhelming consumer choice despite its inconvenience and higher cost until safe CFC systems overcame the negative perceptions of ...
From 1930 to 1935, they developed dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl 2 F 2 or R12), trichlorofluoromethane (CCl 3 F or R11), chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF 2 or R22), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CCl 2 FCClF 2 or R113), and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CClF 2 CClF 2 or R114), through Kinetic Chemicals which was a joint venture between DuPont and General Motors.
According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon -carbon multiple bonds , there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next.
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or CFC-12), the most commonly used Freon brand refrigerant prior to its ban in many countries in 1996 and total ban in 2010. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a or HFC-134a), one of the main replacements for the formerly widespread R-12. Opteon halogenated olefins now replacing Freons in many applications.
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (later Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
Difluoromethane is a molecule used as refrigerant that has prominent heat transfer and pressure drop performance, both in condensation and vaporization. [6] It has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of 675 times that of carbon dioxide, and an atmospheric lifetime of nearly 5 years. [ 7 ]