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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
The interior of the eye lacks lymph vessels but is highly vascularized, and many immune cells reside in the uvea, including mostly macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. [1] These cells fight off intraocular infections, and intraocular inflammation can manifest as uveitis (including iritis) or retinitis. The cornea of the eye is ...
Some may be individual red blood cells swollen due to osmotic pressure. Others may be chains of red blood cells stuck together; diffraction patterns can be seen around these. [2] Others may be "coagula of the proteins of the vitreous gel, to embryonic remnants, or the condensation round the walls of Cloquet's canal " that exist in pockets of ...
Consumption can be fatal, or recovery can occur with permanent neurologic and ophthalmologic deficits. While the visual loss is not very common, increased intracranial pressure can cause bilateral optic disc swelling from cerebral edema. A clue to the cause of intoxication is the presence of oxalate crystals in the urine.
Eye strain, also known as asthenopia (from astheno- 'loss of strength' and -opia 'relating to the eyes'), is a common eye condition that manifests through non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache, and occasional double vision. [1]
The anterior chamber is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. [1] Hyphema, anterior uveitis and glaucoma are three main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber as a result of a hemorrhage, most commonly after a blunt eye injury.
Oculocardiac reflex can be profound during eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity. [5] However, this reflex may also occur with adults. Bradycardia, junctional rhythm and asystole, all of which may be life-threatening, [6] can be induced through this reflex. This reflex has been seen to occur during many pan facial trauma surgeries due ...
A pupillary response can be intentionally conditioned as a Pavlovian response to some stimuli. [ 14 ] Some humans have the ability to exert direct and voluntary control over their iris sphincter muscles and dilator muscles , granting them the ability to dilate and constrict their pupils on command, regardless of lighting condition and/or eye ...