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The position and current at any point in the wire are "true" vectors, but the magnetic field B is a pseudovector. [1] In physics and mathematics, a pseudovector (or axial vector) [2] is a quantity that behaves like a vector in many situations, but its direction does not conform when the object is rigidly transformed by rotation, translation ...
In physics, the Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector is an operator defined from the momentum and angular momentum, used in the quantum-relativistic description of angular momentum. It is named after Wolfgang Pauli and Józef Lubański. [1] It describes the spin states of moving particles. [2]
A branch of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Compare nuclear physics. atomic structure atomic weight (A) The sum total of protons (or electrons) and neutrons within an atom. audio frequency A periodic vibration whose frequency is in the band audible to the average human, the human hearing range.
The axial current resulting from the motion of an axially charged moving particle is formally defined as = ¯, where is the particle field represented by Dirac spinor (since the particle is typically a spin-1/2 fermion) and and are the Dirac gamma matrices.
Mathematical definition and properties [ edit ] Mathematically, the vorticity of a three-dimensional flow is a pseudovector field, usually denoted by ω {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}} , defined as the curl of the velocity field v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } describing the continuum motion.
The pseudovector may be a simpler representation of that quantity, but suffers from the change of sign under inversion. Similarly, in 3D-space, the Hodge dual of a scalar is equal to a constant times the 3-dimensional Levi-Civita pseudotensor (or "permutation" pseudotensor); whereas the Hodge dual of a pseudoscalar is an antisymmetric (pure ...
pseudovector Angular momentum: L: Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point kg⋅m 2 /s L 2 M T −1: conserved, bivector Angular velocity: ω: The angle incremented in a plane by a segment connecting an object and a reference point per unit time rad/s T −1: bivector Area: A: Extent of a surface m 2: L 2 ...
Although the magnetic field, , is a pseudovector (also called axial vector), the vector potential, , is a polar vector. [6] This means that if the right-hand rule for cross products were replaced with a left-hand rule, but without changing any other equations or definitions, then B {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} } would switch signs, but A would ...