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Index numbers are used especially to compare business activity, the cost of living, and employment. They enable economists to reduce unwieldy business data into easily understood terms. In contrast to a cost-of-living index based on the true but unknown utility function, a superlative index number is an index number that can be calculated. [1]
Applying a cost-of-living escalation COLA clause to a stream of periodic payments protects the real value of those payments and effectively transfers the risk of inflation from the payee to the payor, who must pay more each year to reflect the increases in prices. Thus, inflation indexation is often applied to pension payments, rents and other ...
In process improvement efforts, quality costs tite or cost of quality (sometimes abbreviated CoQ or COQ [1]) is a means to quantify the total cost of quality-related efforts and deficiencies. It was first described by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a 1956 Harvard Business Review article.
A cost-of-living index is a conceptual measurement goal, however, not a straightforward alternative to the CPI. A cost-of-living index would measure changes over time in the amount that consumers need to spend to reach a certain utility level or standard of living. Both the CPI and a cost-of-living index would reflect changes in the prices of ...
In statistics relating to national economies, the indexation of contracts also called "index linking" and "contract escalation" is a procedure when a contract includes a periodic adjustment to the prices paid for the contract provisions based on the level of a nominated price index. The purpose of indexation is to readjust contracts to account ...
Low-cost index funds vs. ETFs vs. mutual funds You can buy low-cost index funds as either an ETF or a mutual fund, and well-known indexes such as the S&P 500 will have both available. The list ...
The United States Chained Consumer Price Index (C-CPI-U), also known as chain-weighted CPI or chain-linked CPI is a time series measure of price levels of consumer goods and services created by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as an alternative to the US Consumer Price Index. It is based on the idea that when prices of different goods change at ...
Indexed universal life insurance is similar to other types of permanent life insurance. The primary difference is that the performance of a stock index, like the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100, determines ...