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In about a third of cases, [7] VZV reactivates in later life, producing a disease known as shingles or herpes zoster. The individual lifetime risk of developing herpes zoster is thought to be between 20% and 30%, or approximately 1 in 4 people. However, for people aged 85 and over, this risk increases to 1 in 2. [8]
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [2] [7] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [1]
The incidence of herpes zoster, and also developing postherpetic neuralgia, both increase with age. [17] The frequency and severity of postherpetic neuralgia increase with advancing age, occurring in 20% of people age 60–65 years old who have had herpes zoster, and in more than 30% of people over 80 years old. [20]
Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, [7] at least five of which are extremely widespread among most human populations, and which cause common diseases: herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1 and HHV-2; both of which can cause orolabial and genital herpes), varicella zoster (VZV or HHV-3; the cause ...
Shingles is prevented by immunizing against the causal virus, varicella zoster, using a zoster vaccine. Vaccination is recommended for adults 50 and older. Two versions of the vaccine are available, the live attenuated Zostavax (now discontinued in the US, essentially a larger-dose chickenpox vaccine) and the protein subunit Shingrix. [7]
Chickenpox, also known as varicella (/ ˌ v ɛ r ə ˈ s ɛ l ə / VER-ə-SEL-ə), is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. [3] [7] [5] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. [1] It usually starts on the ...
Herpes infections can lead to recurring, often painful, blisters. About half a billion people ages 15 to 49 have genital herpes infections, which are mostly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 ...
[87] [88] The only human vaccines available for herpesviruses are for Varicella zoster virus, given to children around their first birthday to prevent chickenpox (varicella), or to adults to prevent an outbreak of shingles (herpes zoster). There is, however, no human vaccine for herpes simplex viruses.