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In about a third of cases, [7] VZV reactivates in later life, producing a disease known as shingles or herpes zoster. The individual lifetime risk of developing herpes zoster is thought to be between 20% and 30%, or approximately 1 in 4 people. However, for people aged 85 and over, this risk increases to 1 in 2. [8]
The incidence of herpes zoster, and also developing postherpetic neuralgia, both increase with age. [17] The frequency and severity of postherpetic neuralgia increase with advancing age, occurring in 20% of people age 60–65 years old who have had herpes zoster, and in more than 30% of people over 80 years old. [20]
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [2] [7] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [1]
A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain ( postherpetic neuralgia ), as well as other complications.
Herpes simplex viruses can affect areas of skin exposed to contact with an infected person. An example of this is herpetic whitlow, which is a herpes infection on the fingers; it was commonly found on dental surgeon's hands before the routine use of gloves when treating patients.
Herpes zoster (shingles) most often occurs in the elderly and is only rarely seen in children. The incidence of herpes zoster in vaccinated adults is 0.9/1000 person-years, and is 0.33/1000 person-years in vaccinated children; this is lower than the overall incidence of 3.2–4.2/1000 person-years. [39] [40]
The herpes zoster vaccine is recommended for prevention in those over the age of 50. [2] HZO is the second most common manifestation of shingles, the first being involvement of skin of the thorax. [citation needed] Shingles affects up to one half million people in the United States per year, of which 10% to 25% is HZO. [1] [3]
Varicella zoster virus is a human herpes virus that causes chickenpox, shingles, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2, and postherpetic neuralgia. Unlike a Zoster vaccine which provides durable immunity, the protection is passive and short term; it may need to be readministered every 2-4 weeks as necessary. This medication is not recommended for ...