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The Correlates of War project is an academic study of the history of warfare. It was started in 1963 at the University of Michigan by political scientist J. David Singer . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Concerned with collecting data about the history of wars and conflict among states, the project has driven forward quantitative research into the causes of warfare.
For example, the Integrated Conflict Early Warning System (ICEWS) project at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) takes this approach. [6] Some approaches to conflict early warning combine both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as Swisspeace 's formerly operational project called FAST.
Inclusion criteria may include factors such as type and stage of disease, the subject’s previous treatment history, age, sex, race, ethnicity. Exclusion criteria concern properties of the study sample, defining reasons for which patients from the target population are to be excluded from the current study sample. Typical exclusion criteria ...
The Vietnam War (1955-1975) confronted the US Army with a variety of challenges, both in the military context and at home. In the dense jungles of Vietnam, soldiers faced an invisible enemy using guerrilla tactics, while the difficult terrain, tropical diseases and the constant threat of ambushes strained the morale and effectiveness of the troops.
The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of nine principles that can be useful in establishing epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect and have been widely used in public health research.
It was originally developed by Serafim Opricovic in 1979 to solve decision problems with conflicting and noncommensurable (different units) criteria. It assumes that compromise is acceptable for conflict resolution and that the decision maker wants a solution that is the closest to the ideal, so the alternatives are evaluated according to all ...
In this example a company should prefer product B's risk and payoffs under realistic risk preference coefficients. Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) or multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a sub-discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making (both in daily life and in settings such as business, government and medicine).
Using the example of general happiness, a researcher could create an inventory where there is a very high positive correlation between general happiness and contentment, but if there is also a significant positive correlation between happiness and depression, then the measure's construct validity is called into question.