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Environmental Protection Agency illustration of the water cycle of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking in the United States began in 1949. [1] According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.
Petroleum industry waste, including frac flowback and produced water, cannot be discharged to the waters of the United States, except under an NPDES or equivalent state permit. [ 10 ] In 1987, Congress amended the Act, [ 11 ] requiring the EPA to develop a permitting program for storm water runoff, [ 12 ] but the exploration, production, and ...
In May 2012, the state of Vermont became the first state to outlaw hydraulic fracturing; [115] New York, which unlike Vermont has significant gas reserves, banned the practice in December 2014. [116] Maryland introduced a temporary fracking ban in 2015, [ 117 ] which was made permanent in 2017.
SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — Environmental officials in New Mexico took initial steps Monday toward regulating the treatment and reuse of oil industry fracking water as the state grapples with scarce ...
Critics said the method utilized a loophole from the high-volume hydraulic fracturing explicitly banned in New York — the regulations pertain to fracking that uses more than 300,000 gallons of ...
Whenever "government" and "oil and gas industry" are mentioned in the same sentence, it normally relates to having the two at loggerheads over regulations or taxes. This week, though, both ...
The main tool used by this approach is risk assessment. A risk assessment method, based on experimenting and assessing risk ex-post, once the technology is in place. In the context of hydraulic fracturing, it means that drilling permits are issued and exploitation conducted before the potential risks on the environment and human health are known.
Aug. 5—A state water quality commissioner on Monday announced she would abstain from voting during a controversial rulemaking proceeding regarding fracking wastewater regulations before the ...