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Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition—that is, one existing from birth—exclusively involving the skin.The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot. [6]
Congenital melanocytic nevi may be divided into the following types: [6]: 690–1 Small-sized congenital melanocytic nevus is defined as having a diameter less than 2 cm (0.79 in). [6]: 690 Medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevus is defined as having a diameter more than 2 cm (0.79 in) but less than 20 cm (7.9 in). [6]: 690
This skin lesion is quite common in the population, and it can present at birth, known as a congenital meloncytic nevus, or later in life as an acquired nevus. Should the nevi appear in toddler- or school-aged children, they are more likely to remain present throughout the rest of that person's life. [4]
Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms are caused by either a proliferation of (1) melanocytes, or (2) nevus cells, a form of melanocyte that lack dendritic processes. [78] [79] Acral nevus (melanocytic nevus of acral skin, melanocytic nevus with intraepidermal ascent of cells) Amelanotic blue nevus (hypomelanotic blue nevus) Becker's nevus; Balloon ...
A type of melanocytic nevus, it affects the epidermis and dermis. [1] It is also known as an epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus, [2] and misleadingly as a benign juvenile melanoma, [2]: 691 and Spitz's juvenile melanoma [3]). The name juvenile melanoma is generally no longer used as it is neither a melanoma, nor does it occur only in children. [4]
A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). [1] They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine , a fortified red wine from Portugal .
"Nevus" is sometimes spelled "naevus" and "sebaceous" may also be spelled "sebaceus". "Epidermal nevus syndrome" is sometimes used as a synonym, but more often as a broader term referring to Schimmelpenning syndrome in addition to nevus comedonicus syndrome, CHILD syndrome, Becker's nevus syndrome, and phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica. [3]
An infantile hemangioma (IH), sometimes called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. [1] [2] Other names include capillary hemangioma, [6] "strawberry hemangioma", [7]: 593 strawberry birthmark [8] and strawberry nevus.