Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The sound of an organ pipe is made up of a set of harmonics formed by acoustic resonance, with wavelengths that are fractions of the length of the pipe.There are nodes of stationary air, and antinodes of moving air, two of which will be the two ends of an open-ended organ-pipe (the mouth, and the open end at the top). [1]
Accidental release source terms are the mathematical equations that quantify the flow rate at which accidental releases of liquid or gaseous pollutants into the ambient environment which can occur at industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and gas transportation pipelines, chemical plants, and many other industrial activities.
The exact k-ε equations contain many unknown and unmeasurable terms. For a much more practical approach, the standard k-ε turbulence model (Launder and Spalding, 1974 [3]) is used which is based on our best understanding of the relevant processes, thus minimizing unknowns and presenting a set of equations which can be applied to a large number of turbulent applications.
A two-dimensional scale model of an aquifer. Groundwater flow can be visualized using a scale model built of acrylic and filled with sand, silt, and clay. [3] Water and tracer dye may be pumped through this system to represent the flow of the simulated groundwater.
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.
Churchill equation [24] (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), [25] and Bellos et al. (2018) [8] equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and ...
The Taylor microscale is the intermediate length scale at which fluid viscosity significantly affects the dynamics of turbulent eddies in the flow. This length scale is traditionally applied to turbulent flow which can be characterized by a Kolmogorov spectrum of velocity fluctuations. In such a flow, length scales which are larger than the ...
Sewers are often constructed as circular pipes. It has long been accepted that the value of n varies with the flow depth in partially filled circular pipes. [9] A complete set of explicit equations that can be used to calculate the depth of flow and other unknown variables when applying the Manning equation to circular pipes is available. [10]