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  2. Jewish polemics and apologetics in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_polemics_and...

    During the Middle Ages many polemical texts originated outside Catholic Europe in lands where Jews and Christians were on an even footing as subjects of Islam.Among the oldest anti-Christian texts with polemic intent is the Toledot Yeshu "Life of Jesus" (7th century), although this does not follow the reasoned format of argument found in a true polemic or apologetic work.

  3. Apologetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologetics

    Apologetics (from Greek ἀπολογία, apología, 'speaking in defense') is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called ...

  4. Apophatic theology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophatic_theology

    Maimonides (1135/1138–1204) was "the most influential medieval Jewish exponent of the via negativa." [ 3 ] Maimonides – along with Samuel ibn Tibbon – draws on Bahya ibn Paquda , [ citation needed ] who shows that our inability to describe God is related to the fact of his absolute unity .

  5. Christian polemics and apologetics in the Middle Ages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_polemics_and...

    Virulent antisemitism in medieval Europe obviated the need for any debate or discussion in most periods and most countries. However, during the 12th Century converted Jews such as Petrus Alfonsi and Pablo Christiani, well versed in Jewish religion, initiated the Contra Iudaeos (or Adversus Iudaeos) literature either from missionary or polemic ...

  6. Category:Jewish apologetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Jewish_apologetics

    Pages in category "Jewish apologetics" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Against Apion; B.

  7. Lectionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectionary

    By the Medieval era the Jewish community had a standardized schedule of scripture readings from both the Torah and the prophets to be read in the synagogue.A sequential selection was read from the Torah, followed by the "haftarah" – a selection from the prophetic books or historical narratives (e.g. "Judges", "Kings", etc.) closely linked to the selection from the Torah.

  8. Biblical hermeneutics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics

    Biblical hermeneutics is the study of the principles of interpretation concerning the books of the Bible.It is part of the broader field of hermeneutics, which involves the study of principles of interpretation, both theory and methodology, for all nonverbal and verbal communication forms. [1]

  9. Four senses of Scripture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_senses_of_Scripture

    In Judaism, bible hermeneutics notably uses midrash, a Jewish method of interpreting the Hebrew Bible and the rules which structure the Jewish laws. [1] The early allegorizing trait in the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible figures prominently in the massive oeuvre of a prominent Hellenized Jew of Alexandria, Philo Judaeus, whose allegorical reading of the Septuagint synthesized the ...