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D-Phenylalanine is a psychostimulant and selective norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA) or norepinephrine-preferring norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values of D -phenylalanine for monoamine release are 106 nM for norepinephrine, 1,355 nM for dopamine , and ...
GNC Holdings, LLC (an initialism of General Nutrition Centers) is an American multinational retail and nutritional manufacturing company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. [5] [6] It specializes in health and nutrition related products, including vitamins, supplements, minerals, herbs, sports nutrition, diet, and energy products.
Phenylalanine ball and stick model spinning. Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) [3] is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C 9 H 11 NO 2.It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine.
A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [1]
In mammals it is created from -lactate and L-phenylalanine by the cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase (CNDP2) protein. [1] It is classified as N-acyl-alpha-amino acid and pseudodipeptide. [11] It has also been reported that as an additive, N-L-lactoyl phenylalanine improves the taste of food, conferring an umami flavor [12].
N-Phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline. [a] [2] Other names include the brand name Noopept (Russian: Ноопепт), developmental code GVS-111, and proposed INN omberacetam.
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