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Ashnan or Ezina (d še.tir; [1] both possible readings are used interchangeably [2] [3]) was a Mesopotamian goddess considered to be the personification of grain. She could also be called Ezina-Kusu , which lead to the proposal that the goddess Kusu was initially her epithet which only developed into a distinct figure later on.
Lahar and Ashnan are created in the "duku" or "pure place" and the story further describes how the Anunnaki create a sheepfold with plants and herbs for Lahar and a house, plough and yoke for Ashnan, describing the introduction of animal husbandry and agriculture. [15]
The main source of information about Lahar is the text Lahar and Ashnan, [2] also known as Ewe and Wheat [9] or Debate between Sheep and Grain. [10] The text does not explicitly state who was considered the creator of Lahar and Ashnan, though due to the fact that their place of origin is the Apsu Wilfred G. Lambert considered Enki (Ea) to be a plausible candidate.
As a grain deity, Nisaba was sometimes regarded as synonymous with the goddess Ashnan, though most primary sources, including god lists and offering lists, present them as fully separate. [4] It has also been proposed that she was the same goddess as Ezina and Kusu, but all three of them appear separately in offering lists from Lagash. [19]
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Seven "debate" topics are known from the Sumerian literature, falling in the category of 'disputations'; some examples are: the debate between sheep and grain; the debate between bird and fish; the tree and the reed; and the dispute between silver and copper, etc. [2] These topics came some centuries after writing was established in Sumerian Mesopotamia.
The Old Persian version of the name is Čišpiš; Walther Hinz and Heidemarie Koch interpret it as *Čaišpiš, but this appears to be incorrect. [4] [5] Rüdiger Schmitt considers the name "probably Iranian", [4] whereas Jan Tavernier says it could also be Elamite. [5]
Copper figure of a bull from the Temple of Ninhursag, Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, around 2600 BCE. The Kesh temple hymn, Liturgy to Nintud, or Liturgy to Nintud on the creation of man and woman, is a Sumerian tablet, written on clay tablets as early as 2600 BCE. [1]