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As of 2018, India has been the largest recipient of structural adjustment program loans since 1990. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Such loans cannot be spent on health, development or education programs. [ 15 ] The largest of these have been to the banking sector ($2 billion for IBRD 77880) and for Swachh Bharat Mission ($1.5 billion for IBRD 85590).
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposed Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) was introduced as a government policy in 1986 in an attempt to stop the effects of falling oil prices and foster development of local industries. [5] It was aimed at devaluing the Naira, reduced welfare spending, mass retrenchments and curbing corruption.
The IMF Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) is an economic program of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) involving financial aid to a member state in need of financial assistance, normally arising from a financial crisis. In return for aid, the economic program stipulates needed reforms in the recipient country aimed at bringing it back on a path of ...
In July 1986, the structural adjustment program was established under several conditions: First, reduce Nigeria's dependence on the oil sector. [4] Second, maintain a medium term balance of payment. [4] Third, construct a minimal non-inflationary economic growth structure. [4] And lastly, aim to reduce unproductive investments. [4]
These moves were designed to mitigate putative adverse effects, such as monetary expansion and delays in industrial 'structural adjustment', which could arise because of a large surplus of funds (the idea being less funds would 'discipline' industry into greater 'efficiency'; a policy program indicating, more so than the previous one, shifts ...
The Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) was a program of financial assistance given to poor countries from December 1987 through 1999 through the International Monetary Fund. It replaced the Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) and was itself replaced by the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF).
Our most effective tool to prevent serious illness is the safe and effective vaccine program. Vaccines have completely eradicated smallpox. Diseases like polio and diphtheria, once major causes of ...
The Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network (SAPRIN), based in Washington, D.C., United States and launched by the World Bank and its former president, James Wolfensohn in 1997, is a coalition of civil society organizations, their governments and the World Bank researching about structural adjustment programs and exploring new policies implemented by the International ...