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The minimum size for char is 8 bits, the minimum size for short and int is 16 bits, for long it is 32 bits and long long must contain at least 64 bits. The type int should be the integer type that the target processor is most efficiently working with.
In C and C++ short, long, and long long types are required to be at least 16, 32, and 64 bits wide, respectively, but can be more. The int type is required to be at least as wide as short and at most as wide as long , and is typically the width of the word size on the processor of the machine (i.e. on a 32-bit machine it is often 32 bits wide ...
long: i64: Unsigned: From 0 to 2 64 − 1: 19.27 uint64_t, unsigned long long [b] ulong: UInt64; QWord — unsigned bigint — ulong: u64: 128 octaword, double quadword, i128, u128 Signed: From −(2 127) to 2 127 − 1: 38.23 Complex scientific calculations, IPv6 addresses, GUIDs. Only available as non-standard or compiler-specific ...
For example, a two's complement signed 16-bit integer can hold the values −32768 to 32767 inclusively, while an unsigned 16 bit integer can hold the values 0 to 65535. For this sign representation method, the leftmost bit ( most significant bit ) denotes whether the value is negative (0 for positive or zero, 1 for negative).
The number 4,294,967,295, equivalent to the hexadecimal value FFFFFFFF 16, is the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing. [6] It is therefore the maximum value for a variable declared as an unsigned integer (usually indicated by the unsigned codeword) in many programming languages running on modern computers.
If ten bits are used to represent the value "11 1111 0001" (decimal negative 15) using two's complement, and this is sign extended to 16 bits, the new representation is "1111 1111 1111 0001". Thus, by padding the left side with ones, the negative sign and the value of the original number are maintained.
In computer science, an integer literal is a kind of literal for an integer whose value is directly represented in source code.For example, in the assignment statement x = 1, the string 1 is an integer literal indicating the value 1, while in the statement x = 0x10 the string 0x10 is an integer literal indicating the value 16, which is represented by 10 in hexadecimal (indicated by the 0x prefix).
The reference source code used the unsigned long type rather than the 64-bit clean uint32_t. The reference source code did not use const types. The reference source code omitted redundant parentheses, using C precedence to write the round function as e.g. v1 += (v0<<4 ^ v0>>5) + v0 ^ sum + k[sum>>11 & 3] ;