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Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities in which instructions, most often optimized using speculative execution, are executed temporarily by a microprocessor, without committing their results due to a misprediction or error, resulting in leaking secret data to an unauthorized party.
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A failing motherboard or processor can be identified by swapping them with functioning parts. Memory can be checked by booting to a diagnostic tool, like memtest86 . Non-essential failing I/O devices and controllers can be identified by unplugging them if possible or disabling the devices to see if the problem disappears.
In computing, Machine Check Architecture (MCA) is an Intel and AMD mechanism in which the CPU reports hardware errors to the operating system.. Intel's P6 and Pentium 4 family processors, AMD's K7 and K8 family processors, as well as the Itanium architecture implement a machine check architecture that provides a mechanism for detecting and reporting hardware (machine) errors, such as: system ...
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
insert a pipeline bubble whenever a read after write (RAW) dependency is encountered, guaranteed to increase latency, or; use out-of-order execution to potentially prevent the need for pipeline bubbles; use operand forwarding to use data from later stages in the pipeline; In the case of out-of-order execution, the algorithm used can be:
In order for the processor to correctly respond to an abort, system logic must assert (negate) the ABORTB input as soon as a valid address has been placed on the bus and it has been determined that the address constitutes a page fault, memory access violation or other anomaly (e.g., attempted execution of a privileged instruction).
The Halloween documents, internal Microsoft memos which were leaked to the open source community beginning in 1998, indicate that some Microsoft employees perceive "open source" software — in particular, Linux — as a growing long-term threat to Microsoft's position in the software industry. The Halloween documents acknowledged that parts of ...