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The Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) was established in 1976 and is an independent division of the American Pharmacists Association that grants recognition within the United States [1] to appropriate pharmacy practice specialities and establishes standards for certification of pharmacists in 14 specialities. [2]
Psychiatric pharmacy is practiced by psychiatric (also called "neuropsychiatric") pharmacists.Psychiatric pharmacists tend to have a board certification in the specialty of psychiatric pharmacy, granting the title of Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS), and attach the post-nominals after their professional degrees. [9]
In the United States, specializations in pharmacy practice recognized by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties include: cardiovascular, infectious disease, oncology, pharmacotherapy, nuclear, nutrition, and psychiatry. [5] The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy certifies pharmacists in geriatric pharmacy practice.
A pharmacotherapy specialist is an individual who is specialized in administering and prescribing medication, and requires extensive academic knowledge in pharmacotherapy. [30] In the US, a pharmacist can gain Board Certification in the area of pharmacotherapy upon fulfilling eligibility requirements and passing a certification examination.
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
A drug-therapy (related) problem can be defined as an event or circumstance involving drug treatment (pharmacotherapy) that interferes with the optimal provision of medical care. In 1990, L.M. Strand and her colleagues (based on the previous work of R.L Mikeal [ 3 ] and D.C Brodie, [ 4 ] published respectively in 1975 and 1980) classified the ...
B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy) is a 4 years undergraduate program. M.Pharm (Master of Pharmacy) is a 2 years post graduate course after B.Pharm degree from a PCI approved institute. The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) course was introduced in India in 2008 by the PCI. The duration of Pharm.D is 6 years (5 years of study+1 year of internship ...
[1] [2] Yale physiologist John Farquhar Fulton encouraged them to publish the work for a broader audience and introduced them to a publisher at the Macmillan Publishing Company. [1] Their new text was first published in 1941 under the title The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics: A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for ...