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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous visual data from the picture, improve its framing , change the aspect ratio , or accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background.
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.40:1 in cinematography, 4:3 and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography
(The actual image circle of most lenses designed for 35 mm SLR format would extend further beyond the red box than shown in the above image.) In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most ...
This is much, much harder with {{tl|CSS image crop: You have to calculate a scaling ratio and apply it to every parameter. Admittedly, cropping a tiny bit out of a large image with any sort of CSS image crop is very inefficient: It still has to load a thumbnail big enough to crop that tiny bit from.
A 2.35:1 film still panned and scanned to smaller sizes. At the smallest, 1.33:1 (4:3), nearly half of the original image has been cropped. Pan and scan is a film editing methodology of adjusting widescreen film images, rendering them compatible for broadcast on 4:3 aspect ratio television screens.
In this process, a fully exposed 1.37:1 Academy ratio-area is cropped in the projector to a wide-screen aspect ratio by the use of an aperture plate, also known as a soft matte. Most films shot today use this technique, cropping the top and bottom of a 1.37:1 image to produce one at a ratio of 1.85:1.