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Reality: A Synthesis of Thomistic Thought: Chapter 7: The Proofs Of God's Existence Archived 2015-10-23 at the Wayback Machine by Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange; Kreeft, Peter (1990). A Summa of the Summa: The essential philosophical passages of St. Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. ISBN 0-89870-300-X.
Thomas's five proofs for the existence of God take some of Aristotle's assertions concerning the principles of being. For God as prima causa ("first cause") comes from Aristotle's concept of the unmoved mover and asserts that God is the ultimate cause of all things. [129]
Thomas Aquinas, while proposing five proofs of God's existence in his Summa Theologica, objected to Anselm's argument. He suggested that people cannot know the nature of God and, therefore, cannot conceive of God in the way Anselm proposed. [ 72 ]
The argument from degrees, also known as the degrees of perfection argument or the henological argument, [1] is an argument for the existence of God first proposed by mediaeval Roman Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas as one of the five ways to philosophically argue in favour of God's existence in his Summa Theologica.
Therefore it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God. Importantly, Aquinas's Five Ways, given the second question of his Summa Theologica, are not the entirety of Aquinas's demonstration that the Christian God exists. The Five Ways form only the beginning of Aquinas's Treatise on the Divine Nature.
De la Vérité, Question 2: la science en Dieu by Thomas d'Aquin (in French). ISBN 9782204052627. Oelze, Anselm (2021). "Freedom and Free Choice (Thomas Aquinas, Quaestiones disputatae de veritate, Question 24, Article 2)". Animal Minds in Medieval Latin Philosophy. Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind. Vol. 27.
The fifth of Thomas Aquinas' proofs of God's existence was based on teleology. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), whose writings became widely accepted within Catholic western Europe, was heavily influenced by Aristotle, Averroes, and other Islamic and Jewish philosophers. He presented a teleological argument in his Summa Theologica.
Kenny has written extensively on Thomas Aquinas and modern Thomism. In The Five Ways (1969), [11] he deals with St. Thomas' five proofs of God. In it, he argues that none of the proofs Thomas sets out is wholly valid, and instead sets out to show the flaws in the five ways. [12]