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Antimony tribromide has two crystalline forms, both having orthorhombic symmetries. When a warm carbon disulfide solution of SbBr 3 is rapidly cooled, it crystallizes into the needle-like α-SbBr 3, which then slowly converts to the more stable β form. [2] Antimony tribromide hydrolyzes in water to form hydrobromic acid and antimony trioxide:
Bromoantimonates can be made using a water solution of antimony tribromide, hydrobromic acid, and an amine. Alternately antimony trioxide can be used. Variants can be made without using water, and heating the antimony tribromide with an amine hydrobromide.
Arsenic forms colorless, odorless, crystalline oxides As 2 O 3 ("white arsenic") and As 2 O 5 which are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water to form acidic solutions. Arsenic(V) acid is a weak acid and the salts are called arsenates , [ 5 ] the most common arsenic contamination of groundwater , and a problem that affects many people.
The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds, [76] which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire. [77] Markets for these flame-retardants include children's clothing, toys, aircraft, and automobile seat covers.
Antimony metal is oxidized to antimony(III) oxide in furnaces. The reaction is exothermic. Antimony(III) oxide is formed through sublimation and recovered in bag filters. The size of the formed particles is controlled by process conditions in furnace and gas flow. The reaction can be schematically described by: 4 Sb + 3 O 2 → 2 Sb 2 O 3
Also, Lewis-acidic antimony compounds have recently been investigated to extend the chemistry of boron because of the isolobal analogy between the vacant p orbital of borane and σ*(Sb–X) orbitals of stiborane, and the similar electronegativities of antimony (2.05) and boron (2.04).
Antimony trichloride solution in hydrochloric acid. SbCl 3 is readily hydrolysed and samples of SbCl 3 must be protected from moisture. With a limited amount of water it forms antimony oxychloride releasing hydrogen chloride: SbCl 3 + H 2 O → SbOCl + 2 HCl. With more water it forms Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 which on heating to 460° under argon converts ...
Antimony is capable of displacing hydrogen from water, when heated: 2 Sb + 3 H 2 O → Sb 2 O 3 + 3 H 2. [362] It melts at 631 °C. Antimony is a semimetal with an electrical conductivity of around 3.1 × 10 4 S•cm −1 [ 363 ] and a band overlap of 0.16 eV.