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The Krupp steelworks, or Krupp foundry, or Krupp cast steel factory (German: Krupp-Gussstahlfabrik [Guss+stahl+fabrik]) in Essen is a historic industrial site of the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany that was known as the "weapons forge of the German Reich" (Waffenschmiede des Deutschen Reiches). [1]
By the 1880s, Krupp had developed an 88mm naval gun and adopted 75mm as the caliber for the army's field and mountain guns. In 1897, when the French 75mm quick-firing gun appeared, Krupp produced the similar 77mm, which was used in World War I. Krupp mountain guns were also used during the Mexican Revolution [10] and the Spanish Civil War.
The Chinese also built variants of the Type 41 mountain gun that was a Krupp M1908 built under license in Japan. The M1908 mixed Krupp features with a tubular pole trail similar to the type used by the Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1904. An advantage of the M1908 was its tuning fork shaped carriage allowed higher angles of elevation. [5]
Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH) trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer during both world wars. It produced battleships , U-boats , tanks , howitzers , guns , utilities, and hundreds of other commodities.
Krupp anticipated on the demand for an even stronger gun than the 30.5 cm by producing the first 35.5 cm Mantel Ring Kanone L/22.5 in 1875. At long ranges, 35.5 cm was designed to penetrate the 14 inch armor belts that were already in use on some ships.
The 7.5 cm Gebirgskanone L/13 C/80 was a breech-loaded mountain gun made of steel with a box trail carriage built from bolted steel plates, with two wooden-spoked steel-rimmed wheels. For transport, the gun could be dismantled into multiple mule loads or towed by a mule when assembled.
A Dutch officer officer summarized the tests as involving 'long steel guns of 35, 30 and 15 cm' and 'the short steel gun of 28 cm recently adopted by the Dutch navy' (28 cm A No. 1 gun). These 'long' guns were about 25 calibers long (L/25). [3] It meant that the standard long Krupp gun had now become 25 calibers long (L/25) instead of only L/22.
The data and calculations from the 7 August 1879 test showed that the 24 cm MRK L/25.5 was exceptionally powerful, but exceptional results generally require more proof. Krupp had therefore ordered armor plates that the gun's steel projectile should be able to overcome with 11% of its power remaining after passing through. [30]