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A large urban microclimate does not only affect temperature, but also rainfall, snowfall, air pressure and wind, the concentration of polluted air, and how long that air remains in the city. [9] [10] [11] These climatological transformations increase selection pressure on species living in urban areas, driving evolutionary changes. [12]
Urban wildlife can be found at any latitude that supports human dwellings - the list of animals that will venture into urbanized human settlements to forage on horticultures or to scavenge from trash runs from monkeys in the tropics to polar bears in the Arctic. Different types of urban areas support different kinds of wildlife.
Synurbization refers to the effects of urbanization on the adaptation of wildlife, and how animals that live in urban environments versus nature environments differ. [1] Urbanization, in terms of ecology, means developmental changes to the environment. These changes are often in benefit to humans.
Humans have the potential to induce patchy food distribution, which can promote animal aggregation by attracting a high number of animals to common food sources; “this aggregation may increase the spread of parasites transmitted through close contact; parasite deposition on soil, water, or artificial feeders; and stress through inter‐ and ...
Habitat degradation, fragmentation, and pollution are aspects of habitat destruction caused by humans that do not necessarily involve over destruction of habitat, yet result in habitat collapse. Desertification, deforestation, and coral reef degradation are specific types of habitat destruction for those areas (deserts, forests, coral reefs).
Urban ecology is a relatively new field. Because of this, the research that has been done in this field has yet to become extensive. While there is still plenty of time for growth in the research of this field, there are some key issues and biases within the current research that still need to be addressed.
Before Singapore's rapid urbanization, the island was covered in dense tropical rainforests. This natural environment provided a haven for a diverse range of insects, playing essential roles in the ecosystem, such as to nutrient cycling, pollination, and serving as food sources for other animals.
An urban wild is a remnant of a natural ecosystem found in the midst of an otherwise highly developed urban area. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] One of the most expansive efforts to protect and foster urban wilds is the aptly titled "Urban Wilds program" conducted in Boston, which had its start in 1977 off the back of a 1976 report by the Boston Planning ...