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A magnetic shape-memory alloy (MSMA) is a type of smart material that can undergo significant and reversible changes in shape in response to a magnetic field. This behavior arises due to a combination of magnetic and shape-memory properties within the alloy, allowing it to produce mechanical motion or force under magnetic actuation.
Compasses: A compass (or mariner's compass) is a magnetized pointer free to align itself with a magnetic field, most commonly Earth's magnetic field. Art: Vinyl magnet sheets may be attached to paintings, photographs, and other ornamental articles, allowing them to be attached to refrigerators and other metal surfaces. Objects and paint can be ...
In physics, multiple types of material magnetism have been distinguished. Ferromagnetism (along with the similar effect ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type and is responsible for the common phenomenon of everyday magnetism. [1] An example of a permanent magnet formed from a ferromagnetic material is a refrigerator magnet. [2]
3, is in between soft and hard magnetic material and is usually classified as a semi-hard material. [23] It is mainly used for its magnetostrictive applications like sensors and actuators [24] thanks to its high saturation magnetostriction (~200 ppm). Co Fe 2 O 4 has also the benefits to be rare-earth free, which makes it a good substitute for ...
When the coercivity of the material parallel to an applied field is the smaller of the two, the differential susceptibility is a function of the applied field and self interactions, such as the magnetic anisotropy. When the material is not saturated, the effect will be nonlinear and dependent upon the domain wall configuration of the material.
Magnetostriction is a property of magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.The variation of materials' magnetization due to the applied magnetic field changes the magnetostrictive strain until reaching its saturation value, λ.
Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ. It is the ratio of the magnetic induction B {\displaystyle B} to the magnetizing field H {\displaystyle H} in a material. The term was coined by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin in 1872, [ 1 ] and used alongside permittivity by Oliver Heaviside in 1885.
In magnetically driven multiferroics [27] the macroscopic electric polarization is induced by long-range magnetic order which is non-centrosymmetric. Formally, the electric polarisation, P {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} } , is given in terms of the magnetization, M {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} } , by